This information is general in nature and does not replace consultation with a specialist. "Over the past two decades, I've reviewed hundreds of corporate documents for international clients entering the Swiss market. The single most critical insight: proper vetting isn't just about compliance—it's about preventing disputes before they arise. A well-vetted shareholder agreement or NDA can save a company from years of litigation and millions in legal fees." — Markus Pritzker, SwissFirma ## What is vetting of documents? A plain-language definition for business Document vetting is a systematic legal review process that examines, verifies, and evaluates written agreements to confirm their authenticity, legal validity, compliance with applicable laws, and associated risks before business decisions are made. This process involves analyzing contract language, verifying credentials, fact-checking claims, and assessing enforceability under Swiss law. "All documents establishing relationships between parties must specify liabilities and obligations clearly to avoid legal disputes in Switzerland." — Company Formations Switzerland, 2025 In practical terms, vetting means a qualified legal professional scrutinizes your documents to ensure they protect your interests, comply with Swiss Code of Obligations requirements, and won't expose you to hidden liabilities. The process includes checking formal requirements (such as notarization where mandatory), reviewing substantive terms for clarity and fairness, and identifying potential legal pitfalls that could invalidate the agreement or trigger disputes. For international businesses entering Switzerland, vetting is particularly crucial because Swiss law has specific formalities and mandatory provisions that differ from other jurisdictions. A contract that's perfectly valid in your home country may be unenforceable in Switzerland without proper adaptation. The vetting process transforms uncertainty into legal certainty, converting potentially problematic documents into reliable instruments that support your business objectives while minimizing exposure to legal, financial, and reputational risks. {{cta:cta-1}} ## Why professional document vetting is crucial in Switzerland ### Mitigating risks: legal, financial, and reputational Professional document vetting serves as your first line of defense against three categories of business risk that can severely impact operations in Switzerland. Legal risks: Unvetted documents frequently contain clauses that violate Swiss mandatory law provisions, rendering them partially or wholly unenforceable. For example, a shareholder agreement that fails to comply with Swiss Code of Obligations requirements on capital contributions or voting rights may be challenged in court, leading to costly litigation and potential invalidation of key provisions. Swiss courts have consistently refused to enforce contracts that contradict public policy or mandatory legal norms, regardless of what parties agreed to. "A duly formed contract by a specialist acts as a barrier to long, costly court procedures." — Amedia Swiss Fiduciary, 2024 Financial risks: Poorly drafted or unvetted contracts often contain hidden financial obligations, unfavorable payment terms, or liability provisions that shift excessive risk to one party. In my practice, I've seen distribution agreements where the Swiss party unknowingly accepted unlimited liability for product defects, and employment contracts where termination clauses exposed the company to six-figure severance obligations. Professional vetting identifies these financial landmines before you sign. Reputational risks: In Switzerland's tightly interconnected business community, compliance failures can permanently damage your company's reputation. Swiss financial regulators impose strict requirements on business relationships subject to their oversight, and failure to properly vet counterparty documents can result in regulatory sanctions, public disclosure of violations, and exclusion from banking relationships. For international companies, a single compliance breach in Switzerland can trigger reputational damage across European markets. ### Ensuring compliance with Swiss law Switzerland operates under a civil law system with both federal and cantonal regulations, creating a complex compliance landscape that requires expert navigation. The Swiss Code of Obligations (CO) establishes mandatory provisions for corporate documents, employment contracts, and commercial agreements that cannot be waived by parties, regardless of what they agree to. "Company incorporation requires Articles of Association and shareholder agreements, often with notarial formalities under the Swiss Code of Obligations." — Lawyers Switzerland, 2025 For corporate documents, compliance means ensuring your articles of association, shareholder agreements, and internal regulations meet the specific requirements of Swiss company law. As of January 2023, new corporate law reforms introduced capital band provisions, electronic general meetings, and revised shareholder rights that must be reflected in company documents. Companies had until December 31, 2024 to update their articles of association to comply with these changes—failure to do so can result in registration refusal or invalidation of corporate actions. Cantonal variations add another layer of complexity. While federal law governs most corporate and commercial matters, cantons retain authority over certain registration procedures, tax matters, and real estate transactions. A contract that's compliant in Zurich may require modifications for enforceability in Geneva or Zug. Professional vetting ensures your documents account for these jurisdictional nuances. For international companies, compliance extends to cross-border considerations. Switzerland has double taxation treaties with over 100 countries, but accessing treaty benefits requires proper documentation and structure. Vetting ensures your corporate setup and contracts are positioned to maximize tax efficiency while maintaining full compliance with both Swiss and foreign regulations. ### Enabling informed business decisions Vetted documents serve as the reliable foundation for strategic business decisions, from investment commitments to merger negotiations. When you know your contracts are legally sound, you can focus on commercial terms and business strategy rather than worrying about hidden legal risks. "International companies often overlook cantonal versus federal law distinctions, increasing legal exposure if documents are unvetted." — Lawyers Switzerland, 2025 In M&A transactions, document vetting is fundamental to the due diligence process. Buyers rely on vetted corporate documents, financial statements, and material contracts to assess valuation, identify liabilities, and structure deal terms. A comprehensive vetting report provides the factual basis for price negotiations, warranty provisions, and post-closing obligations. > "In any Swiss M&A transaction, document vetting isn't just a step in due diligence; it is the foundation upon which the entire valuation and risk assessment rests. Without properly vetted documents, you're essentially negotiating in the dark." — Tamara T. Maurer, Associate, Wuersch & Gering LLP For operational decisions, vetted contracts clarify rights and obligations, enabling management to plan with confidence. A properly vetted distribution agreement defines territory rights, pricing mechanisms, and termination procedures, allowing both parties to execute their business plans without ambiguity. Vetted employment contracts establish clear expectations for compensation, duties, and termination, reducing the risk of labor disputes. The investment context is particularly critical. Venture capital and private equity investors in Switzerland require comprehensive legal due diligence before committing capital. Startups and growth companies with professionally vetted corporate documents, shareholder agreements, and IP assignments can close funding rounds faster and on better terms, because investors have confidence in the legal foundation of the business. ## The role of document vetting in Swiss due diligence Document vetting is an integral and foundational component of the due diligence process in Switzerland, serving as the mechanism through which parties verify the legal validity, accuracy, and enforceability of all documentation underlying a business transaction or relationship. "Companies are advised to execute commercial contracts with clauses guaranteed under Swiss commercial law for enforceability." — Company Formations Switzerland, 2025 The due diligence process in Switzerland typically follows a structured approach: 1. Initial document collection and organization: The target company or counterparty provides access to corporate records, financial statements, material contracts, licenses, and regulatory filings. This initial phase requires systematic cataloging of all relevant documentation. 2. Authenticity and formal compliance verification: Legal counsel verifies that documents are genuine, properly executed, and meet Swiss formal requirements. For corporate documents, this includes confirming notarization where required, proper registration in the Commercial Register, and compliance with Swiss Code of Obligations provisions on capital structure and governance. 3. Substantive content analysis: Lawyers review the actual terms of agreements to identify obligations, liabilities, rights, and potential risks. This includes analyzing shareholder agreements for drag-along and tag-along provisions, reviewing commercial contracts for termination rights and liability caps, and examining employment agreements for non-compete and IP assignment clauses. 4. Cross-verification and consistency checks: Documents are compared against each other and against official records to identify discrepancies. For example, share capital stated in articles of association must match Commercial Register entries and financial statements. Shareholder lists must align with share certificates and transfer records. 5. Regulatory and compliance review: All documentation is assessed for compliance with applicable Swiss federal and cantonal regulations, including requirements for financial services, data protection obligations under FADP, and industry-specific licensing requirements. In my experience with over 300 company formations and numerous M&A transactions, the vetting phase typically reveals 3-5 material issues per transaction that require remediation before closing. These commonly include: outdated articles of association that don't reflect current shareholding, commercial contracts with ambiguous termination provisions, employment agreements lacking proper IP assignment clauses, and missing regulatory approvals or licenses. The vetting report produced at the conclusion of due diligence serves multiple purposes: it provides the factual basis for purchase price adjustments, identifies conditions precedent to closing, establishes the scope of seller warranties and indemnities, and creates a roadmap for post-closing integration and compliance remediation. For international companies entering Switzerland, document vetting during due diligence is particularly critical because it reveals jurisdiction-specific risks that may not be apparent to foreign counsel. Swiss law's treatment of shareholder loans, its strict formalities for real estate transactions, and its unique approach to employment termination all require specialized knowledge to properly assess. ## The document vetting process: our 5-step approach Our standardized vetting methodology ensures comprehensive review while maintaining efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This process has been refined through hundreds of client engagements across corporate formations, commercial transactions, and regulatory compliance matters. Step 1: Initial consultation and document collection We begin with a detailed consultation to understand your business objectives, transaction structure, and specific concerns. This allows us to tailor the vetting scope to your actual needs rather than applying a generic checklist. During this phase, we establish a secure document exchange protocol and create a comprehensive document request list. For corporate vetting, we typically request: articles of association, shareholder agreements, board minutes and resolutions, share certificates and transfer records, Commercial Register extracts, and beneficial ownership documentation. For commercial transactions, we collect all material contracts, NDAs, distribution agreements, and correspondence that may constitute binding commitments. Step 2: Authenticity and validity verification Our legal team verifies that all documents are genuine, properly executed, and legally valid under Swiss law. This includes: - Confirming notarization and apostille where required for international documents - Verifying signatures against authorized signatory lists and Commercial Register entries - Checking that corporate resolutions were properly adopted according to articles of association and Swiss company law - Validating that contracts meet Swiss formal requirements (written form, witness requirements, etc.) This verification phase prevents enforceability issues that arise from formal defects. Step 3: In-depth content analysis and risk identification "Our AI legal models deliver up to 85% time reduction, 90% cost savings, and near 100% accuracy in risk detection." — AdminTech, 2025 This is the substantive review phase where we analyze the actual terms of your documents to identify legal risks, ambiguities, and unfavorable provisions. Our analysis focuses on: - Clarity and completeness: Are all essential terms defined? Are obligations specific and measurable? - Risk allocation: How are liabilities distributed between parties? Are there unlimited liability exposures? - Compliance gaps: Do provisions violate Swiss mandatory law or regulatory requirements? - Hidden obligations: Are there automatic renewal clauses, change-of-control provisions, or other terms that could create unexpected commitments? We use a risk-rating system (high/medium/low) to prioritize issues for client discussion and remediation. Step 4: Cross-verification and compliance check We compare documents against each other and against official records to identify inconsistencies and verify compliance with Swiss law. This includes: - Matching share capital and ownership percentages across articles of association, shareholder agreements, and Commercial Register entries - Verifying that board composition and signatory authority align across corporate documents - Checking commercial contracts against applicable industry regulations and licensing requirements - Confirming compliance with Swiss data protection law (FADP) for contracts involving personal data processing For companies subject to regulatory oversight, we verify compliance with banking secrecy, AML/KYC requirements, and prudential regulations. Step 5: Final vetting report and recommendations We deliver a comprehensive written report that includes: - Executive summary of key findings and critical issues - Detailed analysis of each document reviewed, with specific clause-by-clause commentary where warranted - Risk assessment and prioritization of issues requiring remediation - Practical recommendations for addressing identified problems, including draft language for amendments - Compliance checklist confirming adherence to Swiss legal requirements The report is structured to support decision-making, with clear action items and timelines for addressing issues before transaction closing or contract execution. This structured approach typically requires 1-3 weeks for standard corporate documents and 2-4 weeks for complex commercial transactions, depending on document volume and complexity. For urgent matters, we can expedite the process with additional resources. {{cta:cta-1}} ## Comprehensive vetting and drafting services for Swiss legal documents ### Vetting of corporate and incorporation documents in Switzerland #### Articles of association and shareholder agreements Articles of association are the constitutional document of every Swiss company, establishing its legal structure, governance framework, and fundamental rules. Swiss law mandates specific content requirements under the Code of Obligations, including company name, purpose, registered office, share capital amount and structure, board composition, and shareholder voting rights. "Company incorporation documents follow notarization procedures and legal drafting according to the Swiss Code of Obligations." — Lawyers Switzerland, 2025 Our vetting of articles of association focuses on: - Compliance with mandatory provisions: Verifying that all required elements are present and correctly formulated according to Swiss Code of Obligations Articles 626-659 (for AG) or Articles 772-827 (for GmbH) - Capital structure clarity: Confirming that share classes, par values, voting rights, and transfer restrictions are clearly defined and legally permissible - Governance provisions: Reviewing board composition requirements, quorum rules, and decision-making procedures to ensure they align with Swiss corporate law and practical operational needs - Amendment procedures: Checking that provisions for amending articles of association comply with legal requirements and provide appropriate flexibility Shareholder agreements complement articles of association by establishing private arrangements among shareholders regarding share transfers, governance rights, and exit mechanisms. These agreements are particularly critical for companies with multiple investors or family ownership structures. Key vetting points for shareholder agreements include: - Transfer restrictions and pre-emption rights: Ensuring that share transfer provisions are enforceable under Swiss law and don't violate shareholders' statutory rights - Drag-along and tag-along provisions: Verifying that forced sale and co-sale rights are properly structured and include appropriate valuation mechanisms - Deadlock resolution: Reviewing dispute resolution procedures, including arbitration clauses and buy-sell provisions - Confidentiality and non-compete: Confirming that restrictive covenants are reasonable in scope and duration under Swiss law A 2024 case from my practice illustrates the importance of proper vetting: a tech startup had used a generic shareholder agreement template that included a drag-along provision requiring unanimous board approval for any sale. When a strategic buyer made an offer, this provision created a deadlock because one minority shareholder on the board refused to approve. Proper vetting would have identified this structural flaw and recommended a majority-based approval mechanism, saving the company months of negotiation and potential loss of the acquisition opportunity. #### General corporate contracts Corporate contracts encompass the full range of commercial agreements that companies enter into during normal business operations: supply agreements, service contracts, licensing arrangements, and partnership agreements. These contracts must comply with Swiss commercial law while addressing the specific business and risk allocation needs of the parties. "Our experts provide legally relevant, quality contracts in several languages, especially English, French, and Spanish." — Amedia Swiss Fiduciary, 2024 Our vetting of corporate contracts focuses on: - Terms and conditions clarity: Ensuring that price, payment terms, delivery obligations, and performance standards are specific and measurable - Liability provisions: Reviewing limitation of liability clauses, indemnification obligations, and warranty provisions to ensure they're enforceable under Swiss law and provide appropriate risk allocation - Termination rights: Analyzing termination clauses, notice periods, and consequences of termination to confirm they comply with Swiss Code of Obligations requirements and protect client interests - Dispute resolution: Verifying that jurisdiction and governing law clauses are properly drafted and that arbitration provisions (if included) meet Swiss arbitration law requirements Swiss law allows significant contractual freedom in commercial relationships, but certain mandatory provisions cannot be waived. For example, parties cannot contractually exclude liability for intentional misconduct or gross negligence, and certain consumer protection provisions apply regardless of contract terms. #### Company formation and registration documents The company formation process in Switzerland requires submission of multiple documents to the Commercial Register, including notarized articles of association, board resolutions appointing directors, proof of capital deposit, and declarations of acceptance by directors and auditors (where required). Our vetting of formation documents ensures: - Completeness and accuracy: All required documents are prepared and contain accurate information matching Commercial Register requirements - Proper execution: Documents requiring notarization are properly notarized, and signatures are from authorized persons - Compliance with registration deadlines: Formation documents are submitted within required timeframes to avoid delays or penalties - Coordination with banking requirements: Capital deposit confirmations and beneficial ownership documentation meet both Commercial Register and bank KYC requirements Common errors we identify during formation document vetting include: incorrect share capital amounts or currency denominations, missing or improper notarization, incomplete beneficial ownership declarations, and articles of association that don't comply with 2023 corporate law reforms. ### Commercial and confidentiality agreements #### Sales, distribution, and agency agreements Commercial agreements for sales, distribution, and agency relationships require careful attention to risk allocation, performance obligations, and termination rights. Swiss law provides default rules for these relationships, but parties can modify most provisions through clear contractual language. Key vetting considerations include: - Territory and exclusivity: Clearly defining geographic scope, exclusivity rights, and restrictions on competing products - Pricing and payment terms: Establishing price calculation mechanisms, payment schedules, and currency provisions - Performance obligations: Specifying minimum purchase requirements, marketing obligations, and reporting duties - Intellectual property: Addressing trademark usage rights, confidentiality of proprietary information, and ownership of customer relationships - Termination and transition: Defining termination rights, notice periods, inventory buyback obligations, and post-termination restrictions Swiss agency law (Code of Obligations Articles 418a-418v) provides specific protections for agents, including mandatory notice periods and potential compensation upon termination. Distribution agreements must be carefully structured to avoid inadvertently creating an agency relationship with its attendant legal obligations. #### Analysis of confidentiality and secrecy agreements (NDA, banking) Non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) are fundamental to protecting confidential information in business relationships, from preliminary negotiations to ongoing commercial partnerships. Swiss law recognizes contractual confidentiality obligations and provides remedies for breach, but NDAs must be properly structured to be enforceable. Our vetting of NDAs focuses on: - Scope of confidential information: Ensuring the definition is clear, comprehensive, and excludes information that's already public or independently developed - Duration of obligations: Verifying that confidentiality periods are reasonable (typically 3-5 years for commercial information, longer for trade secrets) - Permitted disclosures: Confirming that exceptions for legally required disclosures and disclosures to advisors are properly drafted - Remedies for breach: Reviewing liquidated damages provisions and injunctive relief clauses to ensure enforceability under Swiss law - Data protection compliance: Verifying compliance with Swiss Federal Data Protection Act (FADP) requirements where personal data is involved Banking secrecy agreements require special attention in Switzerland due to the country's unique legal framework. While Swiss banking secrecy has been significantly modified through international tax transparency agreements, confidentiality obligations remain important for protecting client information and complying with regulatory requirements. For banking-related NDAs, we verify: - Compliance with confidentiality requirements and data protection regulations - Proper handling of cross-border data transfers under FADP and applicable foreign laws - Alignment with bank internal policies on information sharing and third-party service providers - Appropriate carve-outs for regulatory reporting and law enforcement cooperation A common issue we identify in NDAs is overly broad definitions of confidential information that could be challenged as unreasonable restraints. Swiss courts will not enforce confidentiality provisions that effectively prevent a party from using general skills and knowledge acquired during the relationship. ### Employment contracts Employment contracts in Switzerland must comply with Swiss labor law, which provides significant employee protections that cannot be waived by contract. Our vetting ensures that employment agreements are both legally compliant and aligned with business needs. Key vetting points include: - Mandatory provisions: Confirming that contracts include all required elements under Swiss Code of Obligations: parties' identities, job description, compensation, working hours, and notice periods - Probationary period: Verifying that probation doesn't exceed the legal maximum of 3 months and that termination rights during probation are properly defined - Notice periods: Ensuring termination notice periods comply with statutory minimums (1 month in first year, 2 months in years 2-9, 3 months from year 10 onward) or provide more favorable terms - Compensation structure: Reviewing salary, bonus, and benefits provisions for clarity and compliance with equal pay requirements - Intellectual property assignment: Confirming that IP created during employment is properly assigned to the employer - Non-compete and non-solicitation: Verifying that restrictive covenants are reasonable in scope, duration (maximum 3 years), and geographic area, and include appropriate compensation For executive employment contracts, additional considerations include: - Severance provisions and change-of-control protections - Board representation and governance rights - Equity compensation and vesting schedules - Confidentiality and non-disparagement obligations Swiss labor law strongly favors employees, and courts will interpret ambiguous provisions in favor of the employee. Proper vetting ensures that employment contracts clearly establish the employer's rights while complying with mandatory employee protections.

Key vetting points for common Swiss legal documents
Document type	Key vetting aspects	Potential risks without vetting
Shareholder agreement	Transfer restrictions, drag/tag rights, deadlock resolution, compliance with CO mandatory provisions	Unenforceable transfer restrictions, shareholder deadlocks, inability to execute exits, litigation over governance rights
NDA	Scope definition, duration, permitted disclosures, FADP compliance, remedies for breach	Unenforceable confidentiality terms, data protection violations (fines up to CHF 250,000), loss of trade secret protection
Employment contract	Mandatory provisions, notice periods, IP assignment, non-compete reasonableness, equal pay compliance	Labor law violations, employee claims for unpaid compensation, unenforceable restrictive covenants, discrimination liability
Commercial contract	Terms clarity, liability limits, termination rights, dispute resolution, compliance with industry regulations	Ambiguous obligations leading to disputes, unlimited liability exposure, inability to terminate unfavorable relationships, regulatory sanctions

## Key focus: ensuring the enforceability of Swiss documents Enforceability is the ultimate test of any legal document: will Swiss courts recognize and enforce the agreement if a dispute arises? Our vetting process focuses on five critical factors that determine enforceability under Swiss law. Proper formalities: Swiss law requires specific formalities for certain types of contracts. Real estate transactions must be in writing and notarized. Guarantees and suretyships require written form. Corporate resolutions must follow procedures specified in articles of association. Our vetting confirms that all formal requirements are met, including proper notarization, witness signatures where required, and compliance with Swiss Code of Obligations form provisions. Clear obligations: Swiss courts will not enforce vague or ambiguous contractual obligations. Terms like "reasonable efforts," "best endeavors," or "as soon as possible" create uncertainty and enforcement difficulties. Our vetting ensures that all obligations are specific, measurable, and capable of objective verification. Performance standards, delivery dates, payment amounts, and quality specifications must be clearly defined. Compliance with mandatory law: Certain provisions of Swiss law cannot be waived or modified by contract. These include: minimum employee protections under labor law, consumer protection provisions, competition law restrictions, and public policy limitations. Our vetting identifies any provisions that violate mandatory law and recommends compliant alternatives. For example, employment contracts cannot waive the employee's right to statutory minimum notice periods, and shareholder agreements cannot eliminate shareholders' statutory inspection rights. Valid signatures: A contract is only binding if signed by persons with proper authority. For companies, this means verifying that signatories have authority under the Commercial Register entry and articles of association. For individuals, it means confirming identity and capacity to contract. Our vetting includes verification of signatory authority against official records and, where appropriate, obtaining certified copies of power of attorney documents. Jurisdiction and governing law: For contracts with international elements, proper specification of governing law and jurisdiction is essential for enforceability. Swiss courts will generally enforce choice-of-law and jurisdiction clauses, but these must be clearly drafted and not violate Swiss public policy. Our vetting ensures that: - Governing law clauses clearly specify Swiss law (and which canton's law for matters of cantonal jurisdiction) - Jurisdiction clauses properly designate Swiss courts or Swiss-seated arbitration - Arbitration clauses comply with Swiss arbitration law requirements - Foreign judgment recognition requirements are considered for cross-border enforcement Proper vetting eliminates the vast majority of enforceability issues before they arise. ## Drafting vs. vetting: which service do you need? ### Contract drafting: creating a document from scratch Drafting is the process of creating a legal document from the ground up, tailored to your specific business needs and objectives. You need drafting services when: - You're establishing a new business relationship that requires a customized agreement - Your transaction or arrangement is unique and no suitable template exists - You want to establish favorable terms from the outset, rather than negotiating from the other party's draft - You're implementing a new corporate structure or governance framework "Drafting creates tailored documents; vetting reviews and corrects existing agreements to ensure Swiss legal compliance." — Lawyers Switzerland, 2025 The drafting process begins with understanding your business objectives, risk tolerance, and negotiation priorities. We then create a document that protects your interests while remaining commercially reasonable and legally enforceable. Drafting gives you first-mover advantage: you set the initial terms, and the other party must justify any requested changes. For example, when forming a new Swiss GmbH with multiple shareholders, we draft articles of association and a shareholder agreement that establish governance rights, transfer restrictions, and exit mechanisms aligned with the founders' intentions. This creates a clear framework from day one, rather than relying on default statutory provisions that may not suit your needs. When you're changing your business structure, drafting new corporate documents ensures the transition is legally sound and operationally smooth. ### Document vetting: reviewing and improving an existing document Vetting is the process of reviewing and analyzing an existing document to identify legal risks, compliance issues, and unfavorable terms. You need vetting services when: - A counterparty has sent you a draft agreement for signature - You're using a template or form agreement and want to confirm it's appropriate for your situation - You're conducting due diligence on a target company's existing contracts - You need to assess whether your current agreements comply with new legal requirements The vetting process involves detailed analysis of the document's terms, comparison against Swiss legal requirements, and identification of provisions that create risks or obligations you may not have recognized. We provide specific recommendations for amendments and negotiate on your behalf to achieve more balanced terms. For instance, when a client receives a distribution agreement from a foreign supplier, we vet the document to identify issues like: unlimited liability provisions, automatic renewal clauses, unfavorable termination rights, and jurisdiction clauses that would require litigation in inconvenient foreign courts. We then negotiate amendments to address these issues before the client signs.

Comparison of drafting and vetting services
Criterion	Drafting	Vetting
When needed?	New relationship, unique transaction, desire to set initial terms	Received draft from counterparty, using template, due diligence review
Starting point	Blank page; client's business objectives and requirements	Existing document requiring review and improvement
Primary goal	Create legally compliant document that protects client interests and achieves business objectives	Identify risks, ensure compliance, negotiate more favorable terms
Final result	Custom-tailored agreement ready for negotiation and execution	Vetted document with recommended amendments and negotiation strategy

In practice, many engagements involve both drafting and vetting. For example, in a corporate formation, we draft articles of association and shareholder agreements, then vet the final documents before notarization to ensure they correctly reflect negotiated terms and comply with all legal requirements. {{cta:cta-1}} ## Get an expert vetting of your Swiss documents Protect your business interests and ensure legal compliance with professional document vetting from experienced Swiss corporate lawyers. Whether you're forming a company, entering a commercial relationship, or conducting due diligence, our comprehensive vetting services identify risks and provide practical solutions before you sign. Contact us today for a free initial consultation to discuss your document vetting needs. Our team can review your agreements, provide detailed risk analysis, and recommend amendments to ensure your documents are legally sound and commercially favorable. ### For foreign clients: remote process, notarization, and language International clients can access our document vetting services entirely remotely. We use secure document exchange platforms and encrypted communication channels to protect confidentiality. Video consultations replace in-person meetings, and electronic signatures are accepted for most commercial contracts. However, certain Swiss corporate documents require physical presence or notarization: - Articles of association for AG/GmbH formation must be notarized in Switzerland - Real estate transactions require notarial deed and registration - Powers of attorney for Commercial Register filings may need apostille if executed abroad We coordinate with Swiss notaries and can arrange representation for clients who cannot travel to Switzerland. ### Language and translation requirements Swiss law recognizes four official languages (German, French, Italian, Romansh), and English is widely used in business. Our vetting services cover documents in: - English (most common for international contracts) - German (predominant in Zurich, Zug, Basel) - French (Geneva, Lausanne, Neuchâtel) For contracts with Swiss counterparties, we recommend bilingual execution (English + local language) to avoid interpretation disputes. In litigation, Swiss courts may require certified translations, which we arrange as needed. ### Apostille and cross-border document recognition Switzerland is a signatory to the Hague Apostille Convention. Foreign documents (powers of attorney, corporate resolutions, identity documents) require apostille from the issuing country for recognition in Switzerland. We verify apostille compliance during vetting and advise on: - Which documents need apostille vs. simple certification - Timing requirements (apostille before notarization in Switzerland) - Cantonal variations in acceptance of foreign documents ### KYC/AML identification for non-residents Swiss banks and service providers require enhanced KYC for foreign clients. Our vetting process includes: - Verification of identity documents (passport, proof of address) - Confirmation of beneficial ownership and source of funds - Compliance with Swiss AML regulations and international sanctions We coordinate with Swiss banks to ensure your documentation meets their requirements, avoiding delays in account opening or transaction processing. ### Pricing and timelines: what to expect We offer both fixed-fee and hourly billing for document vetting and drafting: Fixed fees (typical ranges): - Simple NDA or standard employment contract: from CHF 850 - Complex commercial agreement or shareholder agreement: CHF 2,000–5,000 - Comprehensive due diligence vetting (multiple contracts): custom quote Hourly rates: - Senior corporate lawyers: CHF 260–310 per hour - Junior associates: CHF 180–240 per hour "Flat fee of CHF 850 per specialized contract." — DigiLegal, 2024 For ongoing legal support or large projects, we provide customized pricing packages with volume discounts. Standard timelines: - Simple contracts (NDA, employment): 2–5 business days - Complex agreements (shareholder, distribution): 1–2 weeks - Corporate formation documents: 1–2 weeks - M&A due diligence (multiple contracts): 3–6 weeks Express service: We can reduce timelines by 30–50% with additional resources and priority scheduling. Express fees typically add 25–40% to standard pricing. Our vetting fees cover: - Initial consultation and scope definition - Document review and risk analysis - Written vetting report with recommendations - One round of revisions based on client feedback - Email/phone support during negotiation Additional services (billed separately): - Negotiation with counterparties - Multiple revision rounds - Translation or notarization coordination - Ongoing advisory during contract execution {{cta:cta-1}}

Pricing and timelines for common vetting services
Service	Fixed fee range	Standard timeline	Express option
Simple NDA/employment contract	CHF 850–1,500	2–5 business days	1–2 business days (+30%)
Commercial agreement	CHF 2,000–3,500	1–2 weeks	3–5 business days (+35%)
Shareholder agreement	CHF 3,000–5,000	1–2 weeks	5–7 business days (+40%)
Corporate formation package	CHF 4,000–7,000	2–3 weeks	1–2 weeks (+35%)

Document vetting and drafting in Switzerland: a complete guide to legal security